As shown on old maps, an Indian path from Frankstown, at that time the First Nations town of Assunepachla, their oldest settlement on the Juniata River, converged with an Indian path from Standing Stone, the present site of Huntingdon. The joint paths then traversed the Kitchinaki, or Great Spruce Pine Land, in a northwest direction from the fording on Spruce Creek, to Oligonunk, the Lenape name for "The Place of the Cave". This was known as a "sleeping place", and offered grateful shelter to weary travelers. Today, Oligonunk is known as Franklinville, the location of Indian Caverns.

The following is an extract from a 1931 article by Dr. George P. Donehoo, State Librarian of Pennsylvnia, Secretary of the Pennsylvania Historical Commission, contributor to the Smithsonian Institution's  Handbook of American Indians and author of The Indian Trails of Pennsylvania:

The artifacts found in Indian Caverns reveal that the cave was used by the Indians throughout their history in this part of the country. Some of the relics date back as far as 8000 BC. The earliest tribe known to have inhabited the cave were the Susquahannocks, nomads who used the cave as winter quarters until about 1600 AD. They left behind pottery shards and tringular points dating back to 900 AD.

The Lenni Lenape (an Algonkian tribe) used the cave in the mid-17th century, having moved to the area as refugees displaced by European settlementns in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania. Most of the stone tools and weapons, as well as piles of discarded flint chips and an ancient council fire pit, were Lenape artifacts.

The most recent tribe to have used the cave were the Mohawks, who used the cave through about 1715. They most likely established settlements nearby, using the cave for storage, for ceremonial purposes, and as shelter during harsher weather. They left behind several artifacts as well as